Hamiltonian in Non-inertial Frame
Consider a particle inside an accelerating spaceship. Let (X0,Y0,Z0), (X,Y,Z) and (x,y,z) be the coordinates of the spaceship in the inertial frame, the coordinates of the particle in the inertial frame and in spaceship frame respectively. {X=X0+xY=Y0+yZ=Z0+z. As discussed before, the Lagrangian should be written using inertial frame coordinates. The Lagrangian of the particle is L≡T−V=12m(˙X2+˙Y2+˙Z2)=12m[(˙X0+˙x)2+(˙Y0+˙y)2+(˙Z0+˙z)2] The generalized momentum of the particle in the spaceship frame is px≡∂L∂˙x=m(˙X0+˙x) So, we have ˙x=pxm−˙X0. Similarly for y and z component. The Hamiltonian of the particle in the spaceship frame is Hship≡px˙x+py˙y+pz˙z−L. Substitute the Lagrangian and the ˙x, ˙y, ˙z obtained before, the Hamiltonian becomes Hship=12m(p2x+p2y+p2z)−(˙X0px+˙Y0py+˙Z0pz). Then, the Hamilton's equations are ˙x=∂Hship∂px=pxm−˙X0˙px=−∂Hship∂x=0. So, px is a constant. The equation of motion of the particle in the spaceship frame is ¨x=−¨X0, which is the fictitious force that should be observed in an accelerating frame.
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